By Michael V. Cusenza
Allan Little, a Far Rockaway resident who is deaf, is sitting next to a beach dune, digging into the sand with his bare hands, under the warm sun. He is planting vegetation to help make Rockaway Beach more resilient to coastal storm erosion and flooding.
It is a far cry from Little’s previous job at McDonald’s, where he worked for 20 years in midtown Manhattan before the pandemic. Little, 62, said his life has a bit more purpose now because he is making a difference in his own community; plus, it keeps him active, moving, and out in nature.
He is not alone. Alongside him are other adults and children of all ages. They are all taking part in a dune restoration program being carried out by the nonprofit Rockaway Initiative for Sustainability and Equity (RISE).
RISE’s work is supporting a more extensive coastal restoration project that is being carried out by its longtime partner, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New York District. The Army Corps is collaborating with RISE and other groups to make Rockaway Beach more resilient to coastal storm erosion and flooding that has increased due to more frequent and stronger coastal storms.
They are doing this using a combination of hard features with natural and nature-based solutions, such as dune creation and planting.
Jeanne DuPont, founder and executive director of RISE said, “The work that Allan and the rest of our Dune Squad is performing is not only helping Rockaway Beach, but it is also making a positive impact on them and giving them a sense of pride. Allan is so excited about what he has been doing that he has even shared it with other deaf people. It’s also even encouraged his team to learn sign language.”
The peninsula has been vulnerable to coastal storms for years, which have caused tremendous erosion and sand loss of the beach, making the community vulnerable to flooding. To reduce the risk of flooding, the Army Corps, since the 1970s, has been replenishing this lost sand by dredging sand from the ocean and pumping it onto the beach to increase the height and width of the beach berm.
The berm is the flat area of the beach between the dunes and the ocean where beachgoers typically sunbathe. An enlarged berm acts as a buffer, protecting the structures and infrastructure behind the beach from the storm surges and flood damages.
The area has been battered by many natural disasters, including the historic Superstorm Sandy in 2012.
Sandy’s intense winds created an unexpected storm surge that created 14-foot-high waves that pushed sand and water up into the community.
Ahmed Radwan, project manager, New York District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, said, “The Rockaway Beach community was bombarded by the water surge from all directions—the Atlantic Ocean side and the Jamaica Bay side—causing extensive beach erosion and flooding.”
As a result, Rockaway Beach lost millions of cubic yards of sand, which the Army Corps has replaced.
With stronger coastal storms occurring more frequently, another Sandy-like storm is likely to happen again, so the Army Corps has been working in collaboration with its partners to develop long-term solutions to help make Rockaway Beach more resilient.
These agencies and organizations include the State Department of Environmental Conservation, City Department of Parks and Recreation, City Department of Environmental Protection, City Department of Transportation, Mayor’s Office of Climate and Environmental Justice, Mayor’s Office for People with Disabilities, National Park Service, and RISE.
The dune restoration work being performed by RISE is supporting the Army Corps’ efforts to incorporate natural and nature-based features on the Rockaway Beach Coastal Restoration Project.
The Army Corps has published the collaboratively written report, “International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management”, that is used industry-wide.
According to Michael Oseback, a former project manager, New York District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, “Nature-based features are sustainable and attenuate typical flooding. These features may also allow the opportunity to strengthen the surrounding ecological environment.”
These natural and nature-based features are being implemented on portions of the project where work is being performed in two areas: along the south side of the peninsula on the Atlantic Ocean and along the north side of the peninsula on Jamaica Bay.
On the Atlantic Coast side, a large, reinforced dune is currently under construction.
It is actually not a natural or nature-based dune, but a seawall that looks like a seven-mile dune, which will be covered with beach grass, shrubs, and perennials.
To create this, a 30-foot steel sheet pile wall was inserted twenty feet into the ground and capped with several feet of concrete. In front of the structure, two layers of heavy armor stone were laid. On top of everything, millions of cubic yards of sand were placed, and the sand will be planted with native vegetation and trees.
The root structure of these plants and trees will hold the sand in place and stabilize it on the dune and it reduce erosion.
Rockway Beach resident Daniel Falt said, “It’s a sand dune with a skeleton inside.” He is also a former project manager, New York District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
According to the International Guidelines, beaches and dunes are valuable to flood risk reduction because they dissipate wave energy, can trap sediments, have the potential to grow with rising sea levels, and provide habitat for diverse species.
Dunes are areas of the beach where sand is elevated several feet to act as a buffer between the waves, wind, stormwater levels and the infrastructure landward on the beach.
In addition, 19 groins were constructed along the Atlantic Coast. These are structures that extend out perpendicular from the shore into the water and interrupt water flow and limit the movement of sand, to reduce the frequency of beach erosion.
As work continues on the Atlantic Ocean side of the project, plans are starting to be worked out for the low-lying coastal area of Jamaica Bay. A variety of flood reduction measures, including natural and nature-based features, are being considered.
RISE’s office is located in the middle of the peninsula, between the ocean and the bay, where, according to DuPont, flooding is a regular problem and not just during coastal storms.
“When it’s high tide in Jamaica Bay,” she said, “the water comes up from the storm drains all along the entire length of the peninsula and floods the streets, including in front of our building. Cars can’t even get through. It’s really bad.”
Nature-based solutions are being considered for this area including the use of rock sills. Sills of rock would be placed parallel to the shore of Jamaica Bay to dampen wave energy and reduce shore erosion.
Other flood risk reduction features are being considered including a variety of wall structures (stone revetments, flood walls, and bulkheads). Stone revetments are walls that protect against erosion caused by wave action, storm surge, and currents. Flood walls keep tidal water from entering a community, and bulkheads or retaining walls help to stabilize a shoreline.
DuPont indicated that he is confident of a positive future because there has already been great progress on the project.
“The buses, trains, and subways are packed with beachgoers and people coming to see the piping plovers and terns in our new bird sanctuary and nature preserve. Not only are the beaches packed, but our waters are brimming with humpback whales, bottlenose dolphins, sharks, and manta rays,” she said. “It’s really amazing that in New York City we have a shoreline like this. It’s beautiful. Really beautiful.”
JoAnne Castagna, Ed.D., is a public affairs specialist and writer for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New York District.
